Episode 356: Low Energy? Brain Fog? It Might Be Your Thyroid (Even if Labs Say You're “Fine”)
Listen on Apple Podcasts | Listen on Spotify
Feeling off but your doctor says your labs are “normal”? This episode breaks down the often-overlooked world of thyroid dysfunction and why so many people (especially women!) are walking around with symptoms they can’t explain. Erin dives deep into what’s really going on with your thyroid, the symptoms that often get brushed off, and why the conventional model of care may not be giving you the full picture.
From stress and nutrient depletion to liver health, toxins, and hormone imbalances, Erin explains the root causes that could be holding your thyroid hostage and what to do about it.
You’ll learn what a full thyroid panel should include, why postpartum women are particularly vulnerable, and how a whole-body, functional approach (including energy medicine) is often the missing piece in healing.
In This Episode:
Why there is so much misinformation right now around female hormones [01:20]
The most common symptoms of hypothyroidism [05:55]
T3 is the key in thyroid health and it often goes untested! [15:20]
How other hormones impact thyroid health and the importance of a comprehensive hormone analysis [22:08]
The energy anatomy of the thyroid and the throat chakra connection [31:25]
Resources mentioned:
Erin’s FREE Hormone Food Guide
Organifi supplement powder (save 20% on your order with code FUNK)
LMNT Electrolyte Replenishing powder (Use code FUNK get a free sample pack with any purchase!)
Kion Aminos (Get 20% off monthly orders and 10% off one time orders)
Bon Charge (Use code FUNK to save 15%)
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Erin Holt [00:00:00]:
So we're talking a lot about hormones lately here on the functional nutrition podcast, and that's because so many people are talking about it collectively. We're getting a lot of questions. A lot of our one to one clients are coming to us wanting to work on their hormones. We keep joking that hormones are so hot right now with that, with that hot streak. I'm also seeing a lot of really wild information being thrown around on social media about female hormones. So I wanted to shine some clinical perspective on this for you, my dear listeners, and that's why we're talking about them so much lately. I wanna share the perspective of somebody who has been working with women in their hormones for a lot of years and really share the most important stuff that you should know about yours, about your hormones. It's really important to note that there's a difference, a distinction between wellness influencers and practitioners or clinicians who happen to be on social media.
Erin Holt [00:01:06]:
And I don't have a problem with wellness influencers, but you just have to remember that they are usually speaking into an N equals one experiment, meaning, hey, I'm going to share with you the things that have worked for myself. Whereas practitioners, clinicians that happen to be on social media share a wider breadth of experience because they have experience working with a lot of bodies beyond just their own. And so they can carry the content, they can carry the nuance, I guess, of understanding that what works for one person isn't necessarily going to work for all people, particularly as it relates to hormones. The other thing is that wellness influencers are really like advertisers or marketers. And so we're more likely to hear things from an influencer like, oh, this $20 bag of magnesium powder is going to solve all your adrenal problems and fix your cortisol phase. Whereas a practitioner is going to be able to introduce more nuance to the conversation, like, yeah, magnesium is super important for hormones and for adrenal function, but it is one piece of the puzzle. So I do like to present that distinction, not because I think wellness influencers are bad, I don't. But because so many people are getting the vast majority of their health information, their health education, from social media.
Erin Holt [00:02:25]:
So it's important for us to be conscious consumers and understand who we're getting our information from. Anyway, my goal with this show has always been to educate first and foremost, and I'm also bringing in the perspective of a practitioner. So the stuff that I'm talking about here on the show, I'm seeing play out in real life. With a lot of different bodies. And that's what we're going to do today, specifically as it relates to the thyroid, because the poor thyroid, it has such a tendency to be overlooked in the hormone conversation. I've referenced it a few times in recent shows. So today, let's have the full blown thyroid conversation and I'll start off with symptoms of thyroid dysfunction. That way you can know if this conversation is even relevant to you, if you have any of these symptoms.
Erin Holt [00:03:14]:
These are symptoms of hypothyroid, so the this is what we tend to see more commonly. Brain fog, poor memory, mental sluggishness, reduced initiative. So your motivation just isn't what it used to be. Be fatigue, feeling tired all the time, low mood, depression, anxiety, seasonal sadness, losing hair on your head, on your body or the outer third of the eyebrows, dry, brittle hair, dry skin, itchy skin, constipation or sluggish bowels, chronic digestive problems, feeling cold all the time, cold hands, cold feet or hypersensitivity to cold weather, poor circulation, numbness in the hands and the feet, joint or muscle pain, weight gain or difficulty losing weight, and facial swelling we can also see with hypothyroidism. So some of these symptoms can obviously overlap with a lot of other things, too. So, for example, just because somebody has constant digestive problems doesn't necessarily mean that they are hypothyroid. And this is why testing is so important. And I will get into that in a bit.
Erin Holt [00:04:31]:
How to test the thyroid and test thyroid health. But if you have a constellation of these symptoms or you're checking off a lot of the boxes, as I read, as I read through that list, you really should be thinking about your thyroid health because thyroid issues are very common. I'm going to read some stats, and these come from the American Thyroid association. An estimated 20 million Americans have some form of thyroid disease. So that's a lot of people. Up to 60% are unaware of their condition. So a lot of people are walking around with thyroid dysfunction and don't even know know it. They're just like, I feel bad, but I don't know why.
Erin Holt [00:05:10]:
Women are five to eight times more likely than men to have thyroid problems. One in eight women will develop a thyroid disorder during her lifetime. And why it's really important to know if you've got thyroid stuff going on is because it can influence so much in your body. Undiagnosed thyroid disease can put people at risk for other conditions like cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, infertility. Pregnant women with undiagnosed or hypothyroidism that's not very well managed can have an increased risk of miscarriage, preterm delivery. When Rachel and I did our fertility episode a few weeks ago, we discussed the importance of thyroid health. So it's important that we, we, if we do have thyroid dysfunction on that we know about it, so we can support thyroid physiology. Now, there was a couple of stats from this same organization that I sort of disagree with.
Erin Holt [00:06:08]:
One is that the causes of thyroid problems are largely unknown. This is what we hear all of the time when it comes to autoimmunity. And so much of hypothyroidism is actually autoimmune in nature. But what I want to tell you is that the thyroid is very sensitive to any change in body chemistry. Its job is really to detect subtle shifts and then compensate for them. But when those shifts become chronic, the thyroid falters, and that's when dysfunction can occur. So there's so many different things that can influence thyroid health, and we'll talk about some of them today, but with a root cause approach, we can investigate and understand what is driving the imbalance and then we can address those things and we can see really favorable results. We can sort of right the thyroid wrongs, if you will.
Erin Holt [00:06:59]:
And the second thing that I disagree with is they say most thyroid diseases are lifelong conditions that can be managed with medical attention. And we have seen thyroid issues completely reverse, especially when we're catching it early. And that's why I'm such a fan and an advocate for screening for thyroid health, so that you don't have to wait until thyroid physiology is so bad that you have no other choice but pharmaceuticals. And this is not about medication shaming or saying that medicine is bad, but it's more so just to explain that there's a lot of ways to intervene and support your body and your thyroid health before it gets to a point where you require thyroid hormone replacement therapy. But that's really the conventional medicine model, that's the conventional approach, is to wait until thyroid physiology gets so bad that your thyroid basically stops producing adequate hormones and then you need synthetic hormone replacement for your thyroid. And of course, this podcast is education and created for self advocacy. It is not medical advice. So I'm not suggesting anybody get off of their thyroid medication.
Erin Holt [00:08:09]:
But honestly, this is really the main reason I created your hormone revival. My three month hormone program. Back in the day, I think it was 2018 or 2019 when we ran the first live round. It was because I'm like this, this education doesn't really exist in one comprehensive place. And I want, I always joke that I'm like, I'm writing you the owner's manual for your female body, for your female hormones, so you actually understand what's going on and how to support yourself. And this is why we're reopening it for another live round starting soon next week. The cart opens April 22. If you're listening before that, you can get on the waitlist.
Erin Holt [00:08:52]:
And when you get on the waitlist, you can get our free hormone food guide. Just use the link in the show notes to enroll. And I know that hormones can definitely feel so overwhelming. I am trying to make it feel less overwhelming with these podcasts. But in this program, we really take the overwhelm out of it by tying all of the pieces together for you. And we run the lab testing to pinpoint exactly where you need help so you're not trying to troubleshoot this on your own. I think that's where some of the overwhelm comes from. We take in a lot of information from a lot of different sources, but then we're like, okay, how do I actually put this into action for myself? We help you do exactly that.
Erin Holt [00:09:34]:
And we're not just looking at your hormones. We're not just looking at your thyroid. We're also looking at the drivers of imbalance. So we figure out where you're imbalance and then we get to address it from the root. So if you're looking for that kind of support, you can join us. All right, so we know that thyroid dysfunction is common, but why, why is thyroid getting so imbalanced in so many people? And it turns out that a lot can depress thyroid function. Diet is one of them. Specifically lack of nutrients like we discussed last week.
Erin Holt [00:10:07]:
Blood sugar, dysregulation. We also talked about that last week. That can really influence thyroid health. Toxin exposure. There are 150 industrial chemicals that are shown to reduce TSH or T4. So we know that the thyroid is really sensitive to toxin exposure. Liver health is a big, big part of thyroid health. Non thyroid hormones, things like insulin or dhea, cortisol, sex hormones, all of these things can influence thyroid physiology.
Erin Holt [00:10:41]:
Stress, inflammation, gut health, all of it. So this is why we take a whole body approach when working with our clients. We're not just looking at the thyroid in isolation because nothing exists in a silo. And so if we're treating it as though it does, we're not going to see the improvements that we'd like to see. Let's use hashimoto's as an example. Hashimoto's is an autoimmune condition that is the driver of most thyroid true hypothyroidism. And the conventional approach is to wait until the thyroid gets so bad that it needs to be replaced with synthetic thyroid hormone. But that approach just is essentially treating the thyroid in isolation.
Erin Holt [00:11:25]:
And we need to take a wider, wider lens and understand that this is actually immune dysregulation that is causing the thyroid problems. And so we have to address the immune system. And so this is why taking thyroid hormone can help some folks with Hashimoto's feel better, but not necessarily all the way better. So we're going to tuck into the different drivers of thyroid dysfunction. But first, I want to give you a quick and dirty overview of thyroid physiology. And I know, I know this might make your eyes glaze over for a second, but I want you to understand why we run the specific labs that we run. And it has to do with how the thyroid metabolism actually works. So the hypothalamus sends thyroid releasing hormone, TRH to the pituitary gland.
Erin Holt [00:12:11]:
So the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland are both in your brain. The pituitary gland releases thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH to the thyroid gland. So that is what is being tested on most thyroid labs. So if you went to your primary care physician and you were like, hey, doc, can you test my thyroid? They are most likely going to run a tsh. And so the TSH is getting released by the pituitary gland, not by the actual thyroid. So it's communication from the pituitary gland in the brain to the thyroid gland. And then from there, the thyroid gland itself secretes T4. That is a thyroid hormone.
Erin Holt [00:12:49]:
And it's named for the four molecules of iodine. And that's about 90% of what the thyroid gland creates, is that T4. It also creates a little bit of T3, another thyroid hormone in its name, for three molecules of iodine. That's the, that's the main difference between the two. Once the hormones are produced by the gland, they then hitch a ride in the bloodstream on different proteins called thyroid binding proteins, during which they are referred to as bound, and then they are dropped off at the cells to do their job. And at this point, they are considered free hormones. So when we test your thyroid through blood, we are looking at total T3, total T4, and then free T3 and free T4. And that gives us a bigger picture of what's going on with your thyroid hormone.
Erin Holt [00:13:43]:
Now, the majority of T4 is converted into T3. I consider T3 to be like the active thyroid hormone, because this is what's entering the nucleus of each cell. It's turning genes on, and it's directing cells activity. T3 affects every single system in our body. It basically sets the metabolic rate of everything. And this is important. It's why I'm spending some time here. Because T3 is typically not tested when you ask your doctor to test your thyroid.
Erin Holt [00:14:15]:
When we're running a full thyroid panel, we are looking at it. But if you were to ask your PCP or your GP to test your thyroid, they're typically only looking at TSH and maybe T4. But your T in your T4 can look totally fine, and your T3 can be low. And if your T3 is low, you can have those symptoms of hypothyroidism. Okay? And I just actually saw this on my own labs. I had just been feeling off, and, like, every message on the Internet was screaming at me that because you're in perimenopause, it's perimenopause. You're a perimenopause kid. Perimenopause, perimenopause.
Erin Holt [00:14:55]:
That's all I heard all day long. And I'm like, well, why don't I actually, like, test and see what's going on? And my teeth three levels were functionally low. And that was really contributing to the vast majority of the symptoms that I was experiencing. I promise that I will get into that at a later date. But my own experience, but I just really want to emphasize that low T3, even functionally low T3, meaning it wouldn't be outside of the lab reference range, but we're looking at functional optimal levels. Low T3 can definitely contribute to those symptoms. And there's ways to support that. One of the ways is to support conversion.
Erin Holt [00:15:34]:
This thyroid under conversion is very, very common. We see it really often in our practice and then also in YHR, because we run a lot of thyroid labs in YHR. So essentially, the body is making enough T4. So the signal from the pituitary gland to the thyroid gland is fine. So you've got normal levels of TSH, you've got normal levels of T4, but the body isn't converting T4 into T3. So let's talk about the reasons that that might be the case. A big one is excess cortisol. Cortisol inhibits the conversion of T4 to T3.
Erin Holt [00:16:13]:
Stress and Adrenal dysfunction is basically like a block for your thyroid. So we can look at cortisol levels. We can also look at DHEA. DHEA helps to convert that T4 into T3. So if we have low DHEA, that can be part of why we're seeing that conversion. We really like to, when we're looking at hormones, look at all of the hormones. So we're looking at the adrenal hormones, we're looking at the thyroid hormones and the sex hormones all together. Inflammation is another thing that can block that T4 to T3 conversion.
Erin Holt [00:16:44]:
Inflammation just basically suppresses the HPT axis. So that's the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid axis. So in our overall hormone workup, we're looking and screening for markers of, of inflammation. And if we see them, a lot of markers of inflammation are non specific. So they're not telling us where the inflammation is coming from, they're just telling us that it's there. And then it's really our job as the practitioners to go what we call inflammation hunting. So we're looking for what could be contributing to the inflammation. But inflammation can block the conversion.
Erin Holt [00:17:15]:
It can suppress the HPT axis and also reduce hormone receptors. So inflammation is another block to overall thyroid physiology, chronic infection. So that that infection could be coming from the gut or elsewhere. Of course, chronic infection can also drive up inflammation. Gut dysbiosis is a big one. Our gut bacteria can help us convert T4 into T3. It's not the main site, but it is a contributing factor. The main site, the main place where this conversion is happening is the liver.
Erin Holt [00:17:46]:
So liver health is crucial for thyroid health. Sluggish bile can block the conversion. Liver congestion is something that we should really be thinking about. And so this can be due to toxicity from pesticides, heavy metals, mercury, lead, other things that we're just exposed to in the environment. And so tending to liver function and liver detoxification is a vital part of a root cause approach to all hormones, not just thyroid hormones. So we really have to work on this. We are running labs when you're in YHR that are actively screening for liver health. But just understand if you want good thyroid, thyroid physiology or, and overall hormone health, you have to support your liver.
Erin Holt [00:18:28]:
Now, certain medications can also block the conversion. This isn't an exhaustive list, but beta blockers, birth control pills, estrogen replacement, lithium, chemotherapy, all of that can impact the conversion of T4 to T3. Food and diet play a major role in thyroid health. We talked about this a little bit last week, but caloric restriction, so constantly being in A calorie deficit is not good for your thyroid. Caloric restriction slows down thyroid health. We can see T3 levels drop. We can see T4 production drop. We can see reverse T3 can go up.
Erin Holt [00:19:10]:
Basically, your metabolism matches the decrease in the calorie drop. So reducing your calories once in a while isn't a huge problem. It's just the constant chronic dieting and caloric restriction that can really negatively impact thyroid health over time. We really do need food for thyroid health because we derive a lot of critical nutrients and cofactors for thyroid activity from food. Things like selenium, copper, magnesium, niacin, riboflavin, thiamine, B6, zinc, vitamin A, all of those are crucial for thyroid health. If you go back to last week, I talked about some, some food, specific ways to get these nutrients in. But really we want to be shooting for a diet high in variety and a whole foods based diet. And as always, it's not just what we eat, but how we eat.
Erin Holt [00:20:03]:
Because blood sugar fluctuations can also trigger thyroid issues. Insulin surges can drive autoimmune tissue destruction of the thyroid gland. And Hashimoto's low blood sugar triggers cortisol release, which then suppresses thyroid function. One of my mentors who literally wrote a book on thyroid health says that as long as dysglycemia, so dysglycemia is imbalanced blood sugar, as long as dysglycemia goes unchecked, attempts at supporting hypothyroidism are futile. So you gotta get that blood sugar in check, because low blood sugar or high blood sugar or swings between both of them will block the success of any thyroid treatment. And then the last thing that we'll talk about that can contribute to thyroid dysfunction are other hormones. So non thyroid hormones can impact thyroid physiology. So perhaps the thyroid gland itself is not dysfunctional, but we can see hormonal effects that create a deficit in thyroid activity and that can lead to hypothyroid symptoms.
Erin Holt [00:21:08]:
So this is again why we are looking at all hormones together. When we're looking at thyroid health or when we're looking at hormone health, we would just want to see the whole landscape mapped out out altogether. So low progesterone can lead to functionally low thyroid hormones. Low progesterone is a very, very, very common hormone imbalance that we see. And progesterone is the first hormone to start to dip in perimenopause. But we're seeing low progesterone even in women in their 20s and early 30s. So something to be mindful of. Low progesterone can certainly contribute to low thyroid function because progesterone, estrogen upregulates tpo, which is the enzyme that produces thyroid hormone.
Erin Holt [00:21:56]:
And estrogen is another one that could potentially impact thyroid physiology. Thyroid hormones, like I said earlier, hitch a ride through the bloodstream on thyroid binding globulin. Now, when estrogen levels are too high, the body can make too much of this protein, thyroid binding globulin. And so thyroid bind to that protein. So there's not enough free hormones available to enter the cells. And so we can see some clues on labs that this might be happen. We might see a low T3 uptake or low free thyroid hormones with a normal TSH. So it's for really all of these reasons that I'm a huge fan of running a full thyroid panel.
Erin Holt [00:22:36]:
So let's talk about how to test your thyroid. You do it through blood. There's different ways to test different hormones. Thyroid hormones are tested through blood. And you really want to see a full thyroid panel, like I said. So in my eyes, those are nine very specific markers, which I will share in a moment. But we also like to see blood sugar markers because we talked about how blood sugar impacts the thyroid. We want to see liver markers because we talked about how liver health impacts the thyroid.
Erin Holt [00:23:04]:
We want to see certain nutrients, we want to see inflammatory markers. All of these will influence thyroid physiology. And so when we have this data, it helps us understand what is driving the thyroid imbalance. The tricky part is working with a practitioner who really understands these labs, knows how to interpret the data, knows what it means, and then knows what to do with it to help you feel better. And that's exactly why we are reopening your hormone revival. This is the support and the resources and the testing that a lot of people are looking for right now. So we want to be able to offer it up to you. But if you're going to run your own labs or have your own practitioner do this, this is the full thyroid panel that we would love to see.
Erin Holt [00:23:43]:
TSH free T4 total, T4 free, T3 total, T3, reverse T3, T3 uptake, and then the two additional ones are antibodies. So TPO antibodies, thyroid peroxidase antibodies, and then TG antibodies, thyroglobulin antibodies. And so those are auto antibodies, so they indicate autoimmunity. We really want to be including these markers because, as I said before, autoimmune thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. And as A note here, and a really important note. I believe this panel should be done on all postpartum women. The postpartum period, especially the first year, is a critical time for the onset, exacerbation, or relapse of autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune thyroiditis in particular, can present for the first time during pregnancy, and disease onset is especially increased postpartum.
Erin Holt [00:24:41]:
So it's estimated that anywhere between 4 to 9% of all pregnant women develop postpartum painless thyroiditis, which is an autoimmune thyroiditis presenting as either hyper or hypo in the postpartum period. And it's detected by the presence of anti TPO antibodies. That's why we want to screen for them. Nearly 50% of women who are found to have anti TPO antibodies at 16 weeks gestation will develop postpartum thyroiditis. And about half of postpartum thyroiditis women will have permanent hypothyroidism. Okay. Half of women with postpartum thyroiditis will go on to develop permanent hypothyroidism. So we have to be screening for this.
Erin Holt [00:25:32]:
Unfortunately, it's during this time, it's during this period that women are told, well, you're a new mom, of course you're tired, of course you don't feel very well. It will get better. And we're not effectively and appropriately screening for this, in my opinion, but we really should be running labs to rule this out, knowing how commonplace it can be, because this gives us the opportunity to introduce. Introduce the right support. So how do we support the thyroid? What is that right support? And if you've been listening to the show for a minute, you're probably not going to be surprised when I tell you it depends. It depends on the individual. There are definitely supplements and nutraceuticals that can be super, super effective. There are certain ones that we use in practice with really good results.
Erin Holt [00:26:18]:
I'm actually taking a couple myself right now. We unpack those in a lot more depth in your hormone revival. And we also set you up with a personalized plan based on your lab testing. So the protocols and the interventions and the support that we recommend are really based on your labs versus just symptoms, because, like we talked about earlier, these symptoms can overlap. So it's a little tricky to pinpoint exactly what type of imbalance is going on just based off of symptoms. And we can't treat the thyroid in isolation. So there's some targeted thyroid support that can be wicked effective. But we also want to make sure that we're broadening the scope as well.
Erin Holt [00:27:01]:
We're broadening the lens and not just treating the thyroid in isolation. We want to also address contributing factors and address those. That's why we spent the bulk of today's show talking about different factors that can contribute to low thyroid function. We got to address the entire body. I talk a lot about brain down communication when it comes to hormones. Episode 2242 I talked about hormones in your brain chemistry. It's a really good listen. But I'm explaining how our thoughts, our emotions, all of this stuff can really influence thyroid hormone.
Erin Holt [00:27:37]:
What's happening in our mind can influence our hormones. We really can't separate them out. And so in the work that we do here at the Functional Nutritionist, we're bringing that online. Earlier I mentioned that women are a lot more likely than men to have have thyroid problems. One woman in eight will develop a thyroid disorder during her lifetime. And the question should be why? Why is that the case? There are physiological reasons that we just unpacked things like burnout, environmental toxins, undereating gut bacteria, fluctuating hormones. The thyroid responds to everything both outside and inside your body. In my work, I also like to fold in and incorporate energy medicine and energy anatomy me.
Erin Holt [00:28:23]:
When we're taking an intuitive functional medicine approach, I really like to provide support for all four bodies. So the physical body, but also the mental, emotional and energy body as well. And something to consider do with this what you may again. I've been in practice for a long time. I've worked with a shit ton of women. So I do want to present things to you for your consideration and just allow it to land at the exact right time for you. And this might, might not be it. You might not be open to this conversation.
Erin Holt [00:28:59]:
That's perfectly, perfectly, perfectly okay. But if you are, hear me out. The thyroid is associated with our fifth energy center or our fifth chakra, the throat chakra. In that energy center in our bodies, our inner energy bodies, I should say, govern self expression. Our basic rights to speak and to be heard. How we express our individuality, not just saying what we think people want us to say, but really feeling safe enough to express our truth or our version of the truth. Feeling safe enough to share our story or express our story, feeling like our story even matters. My voice is necessary here.
Erin Holt [00:29:45]:
My voice matters. Being able to state our needs. And so. So if you struggle with this, if you struggle with self expression, I have certainly noticed a pattern between self expression issues and thyroid issues. There's definitely some overlap there. So we love to address the physical body and give the physical body the appropriate support and all the physiological contributions to thyroid dysfunction. But we also like to widen the scope, widen the lens, which really feels to be the theme of today's show, and look at all of the contributing factors to thyroid dysfunction. And I have seen in my practice, this can certainly be a contributing factor.
Erin Holt [00:30:33]:
It's a piece of the overall puzzle. So with that, I leave you until next week. And like I said, next week, we are officially opening the cart for your hormone revival. I'm a little giddy thinking about it, because about two years ago, we ran what we thought was going to be the last live round. And since then, we have made some updates. We've changed our team, so we have a lot more support, we have more practitioners on our team, and just the ability to offer this once again. So I feel very, very, very excited. This is a program that is near and dear to my heart, and I think it is landing at the exact right time.
Erin Holt [00:31:13]:
So I would love to see some of you, you there with us and spend three months with us rebalancing your hormones. All right, friends, I love you. I'll see you next week.